Pressure-demonstrating apparatus.



F. ARONSON.

PRESSURE DEMONSTRATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9,1912

1,071,1 30, Patented Aug.26,1913.

2 sHEETs sHEET l.

F. ARONSON,

PRESSURE DEMONSTRATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9,1912

1,071,,1 30, Patented Augx26, 1913.

2 SHEETSFSHEET 2 {MG/v: ss x, iI\1llllllIIllllllllNlIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-HIIIIIIIIIF FRANK ABONSON, or cn saeo, ILLINOIS.

BESS RE-DELION TM IHG AP ARATUS.

specifi ation of Letters lateut.

Patented Aug. 26, 1913.

Application filed lay 9, 1012. Quill No. 886,1!4.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK AnoNsoN, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Pressure-Demonstrating Apparatus, of which the following is a speci fication.

My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for demonstrating the pressure exerted by a column of liquid.

It is particularly adapted for use in schools when it is desired to demonstrate the principle that the pressure exerted by any column of liquid is dependent merely upon the height of the column of liquid and the area of the surface at whichthe pressure is applied, and is not dependent in any way upon the shape of the containing vessel or the mass of liquid involved.

Apparatus of this type are known as Pascal's vases. As heretofore constructed, they often consisted of a containing vessel, the bottom of which was closed by an adjustable valve which valve was permitted to open when the pressure exerted upon the same reached a certain definite amount.

This form of apparatus was objectionable, however, in that it was diflicult to accurately demonstrate and determine the exact pressure exerted by the column of water at the time the valve opened, and the sudden opening of this valve and the consequent esca of the liquid made this body of liquid hard to control.

The object of my invention is to improve this character of apparatus by the provision of means whereby the sure exerted by the column of liquid can be accurately demonstrated, and, furthermore the liquid can be easily and readily controlled so that it can first be turned into the vessel to fil the same to the required height, and then can be slowly withdrawn from the same,

These and other objects of my invention will be more readily and clearly understood by having reference to the accompanying drawings, in 'which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of an apparatus embodying the features .of my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing the interior construction of the lower portion of the containing vessel and its support. Fig.4 is across sectional view taken online -4 in Fig. 3. 5 and 6 are elevations showingdifierent shapes of containing vessels which may be used in demonstrating. Fig. 7 is'a detail sectional view of a part of the diaphragm.

Throughout the drawings, similar reference characters refer to similar parts.

As illustrated, my apparatus comprises a. cylindrical base 10 supported by three legs 11, which are secured to the arms 12. This base is hollow, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, and is provided with an inturned threaded shoulder 13 at its upper end. A supporting socket 14 is adapted to be screwedinto engagement with this threaded shoulder, which socket is provided with a washer 15 whereby a water tight connection can be made between the two. Fitting this socket, and preferably cemented thereto, is tlge containin vessel 16. Mounted on one 0 the arms 2 is an upright rod 12" upon which is adjustably mounted a pointer 12*.

Located in the lower portion of the cylindrical base 10 is a diaphragm to which is connected e rod 17, the lower end of which is .connecte to pivoted lever 18. This lever 18 is pivoted to a bracket 19 mounted on the lower part of the base 10. A cord 20 is connected to the opposite end of the lever, which cord is secured to and asses around the s indie 21 carries the pointer 22. This' spindle 21 is carried by a bracket 23, which bracket is mounted on an indicating dial 24. Th s indicating dial is mounted in any suitable manner, such as-being carried by ne of t e arms '12.

The diap ragm which I employ is very sensitive and composed of a plurality of diaphragms associated together so as to form a com ound diaphragm, the action of which greatly increases the sensitiveness of the instrument. This d ap ragm is built up of plurali? of sections 25, such as" shown in 11g. 7. n constructing this diaphragm, I first take one section 25 and then associate wi h this a ond se n w i is slightly smaller in diameter, so as to fit within the same, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. I solder these two sections together, so as to form a water tight connection. I then take a second unit, constructed in the same manner, and associate that with the first section and securely solder the two together, as at 27 (Fig. 3). I may associate a third or any number of sections in this manner. The lower section is soldered to the shoulder 34 which surrounds the opening 35 in the bottom of the base 10. In this manner a water tight connection is formed and there is no danger of any leakage of the liquid from the base. The rod 17 passes through the opening in the center of these sections, and the upper end of this rod is soldered to the upper section, as at 28. From this construction it will be noticed that the liquid is entirely excluded from the interior of the diaphragm while this interior portion is open to the air through the small clearance space which lies between the rod 17 and the various diaphragms 25 and 26. Furthermore, by reason of the corrugated structure of these diaphragms they are very flexible, and the liquid exerts a pressure not only upon the uppermost unit of the compound diaphragm, but the liquid enters into the spaces 29 and 30 between the various units to thereby increase the area over which the liquid pressure is exerted, and thereby greatly increasing the sensitiveness of the diaphragm. Connected to the lower part of the base 10 is a connecting pipe 31 to which is secured a flexible pipe 32. A spring cook 33 is provided on this flexible tube, whereby the same can be opened and closed, as desired.

In operation, a containing vessel of a certain shape, such as shown for instance in Fig. 1, is mounted on the cylindrical base 10. The flexible tube 32 is then connected with a suitable vessel containing the source of liquid supply and the spring cook 33 opened. A convenient we of filling the vessel 16 to the required heig t is to raise the containing vessel to a point-above the vessel 16, so that the liquid will flow by gravity into the same throu h the connection 31. The vessel 16 is thus filled to the desired height, as indicated by the point 12", and the pressure exerted by this column of liquid will then operate through the multiple diaphragm and the connectin rod 17 to rotate the pointer 22 over the indicating scale 24. This scale is graduated in any suitable manner, but is preferably graduated so that the figures thereon will indicate directl the number of pounds of pressure exerte upon the diaphragm by the column of liquid contained in the vessel 16. In order to then demonstrate that this pressure is not dependent upon the shape of the containing vessel, a second vessel 16, such as shown in Fi 5, for example, is substituted for the vesse 16.

This vessel is filled to the same height, as in the previous instance, and the pressure exerted by this column of liquid will be found to be the same as the pressure exerted in the previous instance, and the ointer 22 will stand at the same point 0 the scale 23. Still a difi'erent shape vessel, such as 16 shown in Fig. 6, can be employed, and the pressure will be "shown to be pro ortionate to the height of the column of liquid and the area on which it is applied independent of the shape of the containing vessel and the mass of the liquid involved.

It will thus be seen that I have devised a very eflicient apparatus in which this principle can be clearly demonstrated, and in which the liquid for the containing ves- 'sel can be easily handled, as it is merely necessary to have a reservoir connected to the opposite end of the flexible tube 33 and the liquid can be transferred to and from this reservoir by merely raising and lower ing the same to thereby permit the liquid to flow into or out of the containing vessels mounted on the cylindrical base 10. It will furthermore be noticed that I have provided a very eflicient and sensitive diaphragm on which the liquid pressure is exerted; This is a compound diaphragm composed of a number of independent sections, but it is, of course, understood that very good results can be obtained by a diaphragm consisting of but a single section, although the sensitiveness is increased by employinga plurality of sections, in the manner illustrated.

While I have illustrated and described one particular embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that I do not wish to be limited to the exact construction shown and described. 7

What I claim as my invention is 1. In a pressure indicating device, a sup-- porting base, a. liquid containing vessel mounted thereon and communicatin with the interior thereof, means for indicating the height of the liquid in said vessel, a diaphragm permanently in said base including upper and lower flexible sections, said base having an opening, a rod passing through said opening and the lower section of said diaphragm and secured to the upper section thereof, water tight connections between said lower section and said base surrounding the hole whereby the liquid in the base is prevented from leaking therefrom, and-means for indicating the pressure exerted on said diaphragm.

2. In a pressure indicating device, a supporting base, a liquid containing vessel mounted thereon and communicatin with the interior thereof, means for indicating the height of the li uid in said vessel, a diaphragm permanent y mounted in said base, said .ase having an opening, a rod passing through said opening and secured to said Signed by me at Chicago, Illinois, this diaphiragrlrll, water-tight corlgnections between 6th day of May, 1912.

said iap ragm and said ase surrounding the hole, whereby the liquid in the base is FRANK ARONSON' preyented from leaking therefrom, and Witnesses:

means for indicating the pressure exerted on WALTER H. GARASHA,

said diaphragm. H. A. SWENARTON. 

